throw Exception in Kotlin

Introduction

throw Exception is a fundamental concept every Kotlin developer should understand. Exceptions signal that something went wrong at runtime. Kotlin treats checked exceptions differently from Java, encouraging explicit error handling where it matters.

Throw creates and raises an exception at runtime. In this tutorial you will learn the syntax, walk through a complete example program, study the sample output, and review best practices so you can apply the concept confidently in your own projects.

Definition

• throw creates and raises an exception at runtime.
• It stops normal flow and transfers control to the nearest catch block.
• Use throw for invalid input or unexpected states.

Syntax

throw IllegalArgumentException("message")

throw Exception in Kotlin Example Program in Kotlin

fun validateAge(age: Int) {
    if (age < 0) throw IllegalArgumentException("Age cannot be negative")
    println("Valid age: $age")
}

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    try {
        validateAge(-1)
    } catch (e: IllegalArgumentException) {
        println(e.message)
    }
}

Sample Output

Age cannot be negative

When to use

Use try/catch when calling code that can fail — file access, network calls, parsing — and you need a controlled recovery path.

How it works

1. The program starts with a main function — the entry point that runs when you execute the file.

2. The println("Valid age: $age") statement writes a line to the console — this produces part of the sample output below.

3. The println(e.message) statement writes a line to the console — this produces part of the sample output below.

4. Throw creates and raises an exception at runtime.

5. Run the program in IntelliJ IDEA, Android Studio, or with the Kotlin command-line compiler (kotlinc / kotlin). Compare your console output with the sample output shown below.

Best Practices

Common Mistakes

Key Points

• throw creates and raises an exception at runtime.
• It stops normal flow and transfers control to the nearest catch block.
• Use throw for invalid input or unexpected states.
• Test the example locally and verify the output matches the sample.
• Experiment by changing input values to see how behaviour changes.

Notes

• Semicolons at the end of statements are optional in Kotlin.